Accurate RF measurement is fundamental to validating designs and troubleshooting problems. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of common measurement techniques ensures reliable results.
Network Analysis
Vector network analyzers (VNAs) measure S-parameters that characterize component and system behavior—insertion loss, return loss, impedance, and group delay. Proper calibration and fixture design are essential for accurate measurements.
Spectrum Analysis
Spectrum analyzers reveal the frequency-domain characteristics of signals and noise. Understanding resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, detector types, and dynamic range ensures meaningful measurements.
Power Measurement
Accurate power measurement requires understanding the difference between peak, average, and RMS power, especially for modulated signals. Power meter and sensor selection must match the measurement requirement.
Antenna Measurement
Antenna pattern measurements, gain verification, and efficiency testing require controlled environments—anechoic chambers or outdoor ranges—and careful methodology to produce reliable results.